UP · EKN120
EKN120 Economics 120 · University of Pretoria · Semester 2 2026
EKN120 Economics 120 at UP covers circular flow models and multiplier effects through an interactive concept map that traces how spending moves through the economy and amplifies initial investment impacts.

Consider two separate events in South Africa: the government increases spending on health care; electricity tariffs rise, increasing firms’ per-unit production costs. Assume all else is constant and short-run aggregate…